Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We propose a novel identification approach based on a predictable change in the intraday volatility of index futures to estimate the Federal Reserve's reaction to stock returns. This identification approach relies on a weaker set of assumptions than required under identification through heteroskedasticity based on lower frequency data. Our approach also allows the examination of changes in the reaction of monetary policy to the stock market. We document an asymmetric response of policy expectations to changes in stock prices in adverse and positive economic environments. Specifically, the results show a sharp increase in the response of monetary policy expectations to stock returns during recessions and bear markets. This finding is consistent with the existence of the so-called “Fed put.”