Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We reformulate the Nordhaus test as a friction model where the large number of zero revisions are treated as censored, i.e., unknown values inside a small region of “imperceptibility.” Using Blue Chip individual forecasts of U.S. real GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment over 1985–2020, we find pervasive over-reaction to news at most of the monthly forecast horizons from 24 to 1, but the degree of inefficiency is very small. The updaters, i.e., those who make non-zero revisions, are not found to perform better than their “inattentive” peers.