Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Corruption is a major problem in development aid, in part because areas with the greatest need for development assistance often have weak governance. In these environments, traditional anti-fraud measures such as audits or criminal enforcement are limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, aid organizations face incentives to downplay bad outcomes for fear of alienating donors, which has led to the suppression of negative findings related to development aid fraud.