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This paper discusses the way that the effects of a tariff cut process on trade flows should be analysed when the variables are nonstationary. Using cointegration techniques and the error correction mechanism, it is possible to establish the different types of structural break that might appear in the behaviour of a trade flow as a consequence of the trade liberalization process, both in the short and in the long-run. In order to illustrate the results, the evolution of the Spanish imports of manufacturers after Spain's entry into the European Community is analysed.