Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper examines the relationship between capital formation, energy consumption and real GDP in a panel of G7 countries using panel unit root, panel cointegration, Granger causality and long-run structural estimation. We find that capital formation, energy consumption and real GDP are cointegrated and that capital formation and energy consumption Granger cause real GDP positively in the long run. We find that a 1% increase in energy consumption increases real GDP by 0.12-0.39%, while a 1% increase in capital formation increases real GDP by 0.1-0.28%.