Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
In this paper we consider the usefulness of alternative measures of convergence in an equality of opportunity framework. In particular we use established results from the public finance and mobility literature to show that a form of β-convergence is both a necessary and sufficient condition for a reduction in inequality of opportunity for a wide range of popular inequality measures. We illustrate our approach using regional data from the United States, Japan, and Europe. Copyright 2008 , Oxford University Press.