Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
When a risk factor is missing from an asset pricing model, the resulting mispricing is embedded within the residual covariance matrix. Exploiting this phenomenon leads to expected return estimates that are more stable and precise than estimates delivered by standard methods. Portfolio selection can also be improved. At an extreme, optimal portfolio weights are proportional to expected returns when no factors are observable. We find that such portfolios perform well in simulations and in out-of-sample comparisons. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.