Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Using a three-equation New Keynesian model we find that incorporating an escape clause (EC) into forward guidance (FG) is welfare improving as it allows the monetary authority to avoid cases in which the cost of reduced flexibility is too high. The EC provides the central bank with another instrument (additional to the promised policy rate), the announced threshold. The greater the size of the recessionary shock the lower the optimal promised rate and the higher the optimal threshold (i.e. the higher the probability of delivering the promised rate). While FG with an EC is better than discretion for facing any zero-lower bound (ZLB) situation, unconditional FG performs better than discretion only in the most extreme <inline-formula id="ILM0001"><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="raec_a_1100256_ilm0001.gif"/></inline-formula> of ZLB events. Furthermore, even for very large recessionary shocks it is not optimal to make unconditional promises.