Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
In this survey, we discuss the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on long-run growth from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. We emphasize the "opportunity cost" approach, which states that firms will intertemporally substitute productivity-enhancing activities for regular production activity during recessions. We provide aggregate evidence in favor of the opportunity-cost approach. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.