Taming selten's horse with impulse response

B-Tier
Journal: Games and Economic Behavior
Year: 2025
Volume: 150
Issue: C
Pages: 71-92

Authors (3)

Neugebauer, Tibor (not in RePEc) Sadrieh, Abdolkarim (not in RePEc) Selten, Reinhard

Score contribution per author:

0.670 = (α=2.01 / 3 authors) × 1.0x B-tier

α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count

Abstract

The paper experimentally examines the predictive power of the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium concept in the three-player Game of Selten's Horse. At first sight, our data show little support of the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium and rather favor the imperfect equilibrium. We introduce deterministic impulse response trajectories that converge on the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium. The impulse response trajectories are remarkably close – closer than the trajectories from a reinforcement learning model – to the observed dynamics of the game in the short run (50 periods). The quantal response approach also converges on the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium as the error rates decline, suggesting that the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium may be reached in the long run. In the long run (up to 250 periods), however, behavior seems to settle at a non-equilibrium distribution of strategies that rather supports efficient outcomes, instead of converging to the trembling-hand perfect equilibrium.

Technical Details

RePEc Handle
repec:eee:gamebe:v:150:y:2025:i:c:p:71-92
Journal Field
Theory
Author Count
3
Added to Database
2026-01-29