Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Due to concerns about human trafficking, Japan restricted the flow of Filipino migrants into performing arts jobs, effectively closing the Philippines' largest migration channel. I exploit heterogeneity in the impact of this migration restriction across the Philippines to examine the effect of circular migration on sending-country labor markets. I find a lack of fungibility in migration opportunities such that the restriction decreased migration from areas that sent entertainers to Japan. Labor force participation increased, income declined, and child labor increased. I document spillover effects to other migration opportunities, such that migration declines by more than the number of restricted entertainers.