Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
When members of monetary policy committees communicate with the public, the resulting cacophony of voices is often considered a source of confusion. We associate each speech delivered by the presidents of the ECB and the Bundesbank since 2008 with a tone score and construct a measure of diverging tone. Shocks to the tone divergence between the Eurosystem’s main protagonists drive volatility, policy uncertainty and risk premia.