Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Previous studies distinguish between "survival" and "aspirations" based on ex ante declarations. In this paper, we propose an identification strategy based on objective criteria. Using evidence from a standard labour force survey, we find that self-employed who switched from wage employment and created additional jobs were systematically over-compensated relative to those who did not switch and to those who switched but have not created additional jobs.