Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper identifies hand-to-mouth (HtM) households and examines their characteristics in Japanese data. The share of HtM is about 13%, which is much smaller than other developed countries. The majority of them, nearly three-quarters, are considered wealthy HtM. The wealthy HtM households have similar income and consumption profiles to non-HtM households.