Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We propose an Adjusted Quasi-Score (AQS) method for constructing tests for homoskedasticity in spatial econometric models. We first obtain an AQS function by adjusting the score-type function from the given model to achieve unbiasedness, and then develop an Outer-Product-of-Martingale-Difference (OPMD) estimate of its variance. In standard problems where a genuine (quasi) score vector is available, the AQS–OPMD method leads to finite sample improved tests over the usual methods. More importantly in non-standard problems where a genuine (quasi) score is not available and the usual methods fail, the proposed AQS–OPMD method provides feasible solutions. The AQS tests are formally derived and asymptotic properties examined for three representative models: spatial cross-sectional, static and dynamic panel models. Monte Carlo results show that the proposed AQS tests have good finite sample properties.