Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper analyses the theoretical issues related to the measurement of the amount of labour used in the production of – or contained in – a bundle of goods for general technologies with heterogeneous labour. A novel axiomatic framework is used in order to formulate the key properties of the notion of labour content and analyse its theoretical foundations. The main measures of labour content used in various strands of the literature are then characterised. Quite surprisingly, a unique axiomatic structure can be identified which underlies measures of labour aggregates used in such diverse fields as neoclassical growth theory, input-output approaches, productivity analysis, and classical political economy.