Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The factors influencing insurance pricing decisions are assessed using the ISO product liability ratemaking files for 1980-1984. The mean loss level has a strong positive effect on manual rates and premium rates/exposure. Evidence on a variety of ambiguity measures is more mixed. As a broad generalization, risk ambiguity lowers manual rates, which may reflect exclusion of large loss outliers as being unrepresentative. Risk ambiguity tends to have a positive effect on actual pricing decisions for particular policies, especially bodily injury lines and the interactive risk-ambiguity model. Copyright 1993 by Kluwer Academic Publishers