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α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We analyze the time derivative of a Ramsey-Koopmans social welfare function (R-K SWF), as an indicator of genuine investment and current change in social welfare (CSW) conditions, when feedback or arbitrary rules are used for selecting policy variables in non-optimizing economies. When policy variables are selected arbitrarily, their accounting prices should determine current CSW in addition to the accounting prices of the economy's assets and genuine investment should be adjusted accordingly. We use our theoretical framework to characterize CSW conditions for non-optimizing economies, based on direct estimation of accounting prices. We use our theoretical model to provide empirical evidence regarding the CSW conditions for the Greek economy.