Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This article summarizes recent research on immigration to the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries as it relates to cities and spatial variation in settlement patterns. We first discuss segregation and enclaves, then turn to research looking at the effects on native economic outcomes using spatial approaches. We survey a recent literature on political backlash to immigrants and conclude with some thoughts for future research.