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α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We study a general multiparty model of plurality rule elections with costly participation, and prove that strategic voting – that is, situations in which some voters abandon their most preferred alternative and vote strategically for the serious contender they dislike less – may emerge in equilibrium; just like when participation is costless/compulsory (Palfrey, 1989). This qualifies opposite claims made in more confined setups (e.g. Arzumanyan and Polborn, 2017), and establishes that Duverger's psychological effect is present in a much larger set of cases than currently believed.