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α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Poor economic performance of subordinate (typically, minority) groups and large disparities between these groups and the dominant ethnic group are major concerns in most countries. In many of these countries, the mother tongue of the dominant group serves as the common language in national business and intergroup communications. Determining the appropriate emphasis on teaching a local ethnic language relative to the common language is a crucial issue in the education of students from subordinate groups.