Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We empirically investigate the pass-through of agricultural subsidies to patented seed expenses. Theory predicts that when input suppliers have market power and the downstream market is competitive, they will at least partially capture the subsidy. Using a novel instrument for subsidies, we test this prediction using 2017 U.S. Census of Agriculture data and find that a 1% increase in subsidies leads to a 0.5% increase in seed expenses.