Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The costs of shortages and rationing are not captured by standard consumer price indices. Thus the change in real GDP per capita is an overestimate of welfare losses in transition economics. In this study virtual prices are used to calculate new cost-of-living indices (CLIs). The results for Polant show that from 1987 to 1992 the CLI ignoring the rationing effects is biased upward from 1.53 to 3.71 percentage points per year. Compared to the estimates of welfare loss that neglect the rationing effects during the prereform period, the estimated welfare losses that reflect the rationing are reduced by 50% using Hausman' virtual prices and by 75% using external proxy virtual prices. © 2004 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.