Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper investigates EC policy towards vocational training and retraining. A disctinction is drawn between assistance offered to member state programs and support for community-level measures proper. Financial flows to the former dominate but it is shown that such large-scale external funding might simply replace national spending and, hence, have little impact on net. The plethora of supranational training programs and initiatives, also identified in the paper, are shown to depend for their success on the availability of reliable manpower planning instruments and effective redistribution. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.