Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Using institutional equity trading data, we find that a set of small institutional investors consistently follow credit ratings issued by an investor-paid rating agency in their trading decisions. Although rating information is credit related, we find that these followers often respond more strongly to investor-paid ratings than to influential trading signals, such as earnings announcements, analysts' earnings forecast revisions, and recommendation changes. Followers outperform non-followers, and show improved trading performance after becoming followers. We conclude that investor-paid rating agencies offer small institutional investors a cost-effective alternative to in-house research.