Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper introduces a general equilibrium sectoral model including two types of energy sectors (green and brown) to study the short-run impact of different emission taxes schemes in production networks. The model is calibrated to the Spanish economy at the industry level using the input–output matrix and captures the effective cost of emissions associated to the use of energy in each industry. We show that for an increase in the price of emission allowances similar to that observed in recent years (from approximately €25 per tonne of CO2 in 2019 to almost €100 per tonne in 2022) the model predicts a cumulative decline in Spanish GDP after three years of 0.37%. The loss in value added is very heterogeneous among industries, depending on the exposure to the ETS and to their network ETS exposure, with values ranging from losses of 4% in the most affected industries to no impact in others.