Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This paper presents theory and empirical evidence showing a retaliatory pattern in US-Canadian tariff interactions in the period 1868-1970, whereby the changes in the tariff level of each country are Granger-caused by the other. In the long run, the USA maintains the tariff changes that it initiates while the Canadian policy tends to back away from changes that it initiates. Furthermore, Canadian policy demonstrates a permanent change following US innovations, while in the long run the US tariff returns to its own internal equilibrium unaffected by innovations in the Canadian tariff. Copyright 1998 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.