Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
In the presence of cost uncertainty, limited liability introduces the possibility of default in procurement. If financial soundness is not perfectly observable, then financially weaker contractors are selected with higher probability in any incentive compatible mechanism. Informational rents are associated with the probability of default. By selecting the financially weakest contractor, stronger price competition (auctions) may not only increase the probability of default but also the contractorsʼ expected rents. Thus, weak conditions are sufficient for auctions to be suboptimal. In particular, we show that pooling at higher net worth may reduce the cost of procurement even when default is costless for the sponsor.