Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
In addition to containing stable information to explain inflation, state-local expenditures also have a larger share of the forecast error variance of US inflation than the federal funds rate. Non-defense federal expenditures are useful in predicting real output variations and, starting from the early 1980s, also present a larger share of the forecast error variance of US real output than the federal funds rate.