Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The misallocation of talent in innovation – “missing Einsteins” – has a first-order impact on growth and welfare. Surname-level empirical analysis combining inventor and census micro-data reveals people from richer backgrounds are more likely to become inventors, but those from high-education backgrounds become more prolific inventors. Motivated by this discrepancy, an endogenous growth model with financial frictions on the household side is developed. Individuals compete for scarce inventor training. The rich can become inventors even if mediocre through excessive credentialing spending. Shutting down credentialing spending raises innovation, growth, welfare, and inequality. Optimal progressive bequest taxes increase growth and welfare, but reduce inequality.