Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Our paper explores the structural nature of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) in the EU, showing it is shaped by European integration rather than purely country-specific factors. Using a new European Integration Uncertainty Index, we find strong institutional and financial interdependence among member states. Uncertainty connectedness is persistently high (50–60%), with France, Germany, and the UK as key transmitters. We also identify both persistent and episodic transmitters, reflecting structural vulnerabilities and institutional linkages within the EU. These findings highlight the systemic nature of uncertainty propagation across EU countries.