Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Models of prototyped and nonprototyped competitions for prime contracts from the U.S. defense department suggest that the latter are much more vulnerable to bid-rigging than are the former. Subcontracting data reveal that pairs of firms who have been rivals in major nonprototyped competitions have a larger number of subcontracts with one another than do other pairs of firms. The analysis concludes that subcontracts may serve as vehicles for division of the spoils of collusive bidding on prime contracts. Copyright 1997 by Kluwer Academic Publishers