Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Unlike previous investigations of employment-related discrimination, which deal almost exclusively with issues of compensation or occupation segregation, we examine discrimination in promotions. Specifically, we investigate gender differences in promotions to administrative positions in elementary and secondary public education and assess the influence of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity enforcement. Based upon longitudinal data for thousands of individual educators, discrimination complaints, and other related evidence for the states of Oregon and New York, we conclude that significant apparent discrimination present in the early 1970s declined by more than half by the late 1970s and that equal employment opportunity enforcement contributed to the decline.