Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Using a statistical matching procedure to choose control groups, we find that four states that adopted large cigarette tax hikes had corresponding decreases in smoking participation of pregnant women. Using the tax hike as an instrument for smoking in birth-weight equations and pooling data across experiments, we find that smoking during pregnancy doubles the chance an infant is born with a low birth weight. Our estimates are similar to singleequation estimates where maternal smoking is treated as exogenous.