Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Using a gravity model, we explore the effects of distance and borders on trade, migration, and trade-and-migration policies and document three key differences between trade and migration patterns in otherwise equivalent specifications. Regional trade (freedom-of-movement) agreements boost trade (migration) less (more) the more distant the country pairs. Distance effects on trade (migration) decrease (are unchanged) over time. International border effects on trade (migration) decrease (are unchanged) over time.