Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The transition phase to EMU has been accompanied by considerable monetary and fiscal consolidation efforts in the EU. This paper analyses this consolidation process and its effects on economic activity in the EU. It is tested to what extent fiscal retrenchment efforts have depressed or stimulated private spending. In the case of the latter non-Keynesian effects dominate the traditional Keynesian expenditure effects of government spending, taxation and transfer payments. Copyright 2001 by Kluwer Academic Publishers