Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The authors test for the presence of a "worker discipline effect," wherein macroeconomic conditions influence worker effort, and examine interindustry variation in its strength. An employment function analysis is first used to find evidence of a worker discipline effect in the majority of U.S. three-digit manufacturing industries. A factor analysis of industry, firm, and labor market characteristics is then used to identify several underlying factors by which industries can be distinguished. The authors find that the strength of the worker discipline effect is positively and significantly correlated with the degree to which industries have "secondary" characteristics. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.