Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
The most widely used indicator of the structure of protection is the effective tariff. This paper provides a set of estimates of effective tariffs in the United Kingdom using information from the 1979 Input-Output tables. The estimates pertain to ninety-nine industries and seven sectors of economic activity, and are contrasted with an earlier set of estimates for 1972. Evidence of escalation in the tariff structure is found, as well as extensive evidence of negative effective tariffs. Average effective tariffs have fallen for all sectors except agriculture since 1972. Copyright 1988 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd