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We investigate the dynamic effect that the Tandroy's unsustainable practices have on the forest. The Tandroy people live in Androy, a region located in the southern part of Madagascar. They are mainly an agricultural and cattle herding society whose subsistence relies on the slash-and-burn farming agriculture (hatsake) and the burning of cacti which are given as fodder to the livestock (ororaketa). These activities generate ecological pressure on the surrounding dry forest and socioeconomic risks related to the lack of sustainability of these practices in the long run. In this paper we address the notion of sustainability and confront it with Tandroy's current productive and economic system. By means of the viability theory, we characterize the actions and scenarios that are compatible with a sustainable use of the forest in the region.