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α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
We ask (1) why the United States adopted the car more quickly than other countries before 1929, and (2) why in the United States the car changed from a luxury to a mass-market good between 1909 and 1919. The answer is in part the success of the Model T in the United States. Mass production of the Model T began in 1913; by 1917, more than 40 percent of U.S. cars were Model Ts. Tariffs and difficulties producing outside Detroit made the U.S. success of the Model T difficult to replicate abroad.