Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
This article measures production efficiency across cow--calf farms in Alberta, and examines the sources of variation in efficiency. Average technical, allocative and economic efficiencies are, respectively, 83%, 78% and 67%. Biological efficiency (increased conception, calving and weaning rates), larger herd size, higher share of family labour and greater expense for bedding material reduce inefficiency. Inefficiency was also related to receipt of government subsidies.