Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Indeterminacy in new Keynesian models with Calvo-contracts can occur even at low trend inflation levels of 2% or 3%. The interaction of trend inflation with nominal wage rigidity and trend growth in output causes large distortions in the steady state and expands the indeterminacy region. Consequently, even interest rate rules with strong inflation responses may not be sufficient to ensure determinacy. A policy rule reacting to output growth but not to output gap significantly increases the prospect of determinacy. Although the threat of indeterminacy is less severe under Taylor-contracts, significant departures from the original Taylor Principle are required for determinacy.