Score contribution per author:
α: calibrated so average coauthorship-adjusted count equals average raw count
Abstract We consider a mixed duopoly selling to downstream retailers that are engaged in spatial price discrimination. We show that the optimal degree of privatization falls below—often far below—the level that is implied in the absence of the vertical chain. The size of this reduction in privatization reflects the extent to which increasing transport cost (differentiation) increases double marginalization in contested market regions—as opposed to simply reducing demand in uncontested market regions. Moreover, we show that despite higher costs of production, a fully public monopoly upstream can be welfare-superior to the optimal mixed duopoly. This would not be the case in the absence of downstream differentiation.